Pattern of allergen sensitization in children with asthma visiting Asthma and Allergy Clinic at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital.

Abstract

Introduction :The allergic sensitization in childhood asthma is common and plays a major role in pathogenesis. Its differences exist between different geographical areas. Predominant allergens of each region should be determined to guide clinicians on allergy avoidance.

Objectives:To determine the pattern of allergen sensitization with positive skin prick test and its association with demographic profile, co-morbid allergic diseases, place of symptoms and family history of allergy in children with asthma.

Methodology:This was a cross-sectional study in which we included 75 asthmatic children between 2 and 18 years old visiting Asthma and Allergy Clinic at the Pediatric Department of Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital in between December 2023 to June 2024. We used 60 common allergens in patients which included house dust mites (HDM), pollens, insects, fungi, danders, dusts, fabrics and food. Wheal size of ≥3mm was considered positive.

ResultsThe present study included a total of 75 children with asthma had majority from 5-10 years of age group (n=40, 53%) and male (n=55, 73%). Other associated allergic diseases were present in 44 (58%) and family history of allergic diseases were present in 46 (61%). Allergic rhinitis (AR) 30 (40%) was the most common comorbid allergic disease.  Indoor and outdoor symptoms were found in 44 (58.7%) and 12 (16 %) cases. The most common sensitized allergens were Mites 38 (50.6%), Insects 35(46.6%) and Dusts 26 (34.6%). Among them House Dust Mite (D. Farinae) (n=37), Cockroach (n= 36) and Grain dust mix (n=16) were the common particular sensitized allergens found in asthmatic children.  House Dust Mite (D. Farinae) was more common in male of 5-10 years of age group. Cockroach was common in more than 10 years of age. Common indoor allergens were mites (n-=25) and insects (n=19) whereas pollens(n=6) and dust (n=5) were more common outdoor allergen. 

Conclusion:We have described the common allergens sensitization in children with asthma. Comorbid allergic disease and family history were present in the majority of children which indicates the importance of genetic predisposition in asthma.